FN ISI Export Format VR 1.0 PT J TI Efficient Process Conformance Checking on the Basis of Uncertain Event-to-Activity Mappings AF van der Aa, Han Leopold, Henrik Reijers, Hajo A. AU van der Aa, Han Leopold, H Reijers, HA SO IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering VL 32 BP 927 EP 940 PY 2020 AB Conformance checking enables organizations to automatically identify compliance violations based on the analysis of observed event data. A crucial requirement for conformance-checking techniques is that observed events can be mapped to normative process models used to specify allowed behavior. Without a mapping, it is not possible to determine if an observed event trace conforms to the specification or not. A considerable problem in this regard is that establishing a mapping between events and process model activities is an inherently uncertain task. Since the use of a particular mapping directly influences the conformance of an event trace to a specification, this uncertainty represents a major issue for conformance checking. To overcome this issue, we introduce a probabilistic conformance-checking technique that can deal with uncertain mappings. Our technique avoids the need to select a single mapping by taking the entire spectrum of possible mappings into account. A quantitative evaluation demonstrates that our technique can be applied on a considerable number of real-world processes where existing conformance-checking techniques fail. DI 10.1109/TKDE.2019.2897557 ER